2^nd World Congress on Endocrinology & Diabetes October 18-19, 2023 Vienna, Austria

People with diabetes are more likely (6% of people) to develop cardiovascular issues such atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries and decreases blood flow to the heart. Angina pectoris is caused by a partial blockage of the coronary arteries, whereas stroke is caused by a total obstruction. Atherosclerosis also causes vascular disease, which results in inadequate blood flow to the legs, strokes, and total obstruction of blood flow to the brain.These are the main reasons for death for diabetics.

The balance of carbohydrate metabolism is the major objective of controlling diabetes and its consequences. Those with insulin resistance are treated with appropriate exercise and food, while those with insulin shortage are treated with insulin pumps or injections.  The best method to live a healthy life is to maintain a nutritious diet.
 

Diabetes is another common chronic illness that places reasonable demands on the patient's support network. Diabetes, kidney disease, lower limb amputation, and vision impairment are among conditions that are more common in people with genetic disease than in people without it. Incretion-based treatments, oral helpful agents including cell recovery and enlargement, and fundamental organism treatments are a few of the novel therapy options available for polygenic disorder.

Many popular herbs and spices are said to have qualities that reduce blood sugar, making them helpful for those who have type 2 diabetes or are at high risk of developing it. Many patients with diabetes are turning to these more "natural" substances to help manage their illness as a result of a number of scientific studies that suggest possible connections between herbal medicines and improved blood sugar control in recent years.

A host response to infection that is not properly controlled can result in sepsis, an organ failure that can be fatal. An inappropriate response to microorganism invasion is characterised by an overextended systemic inflammatory response and circulatory collapse, which result in increased mortality and morbidity in critical care units. Sepsis has become more frequent in DM (DM) patients due to the sharp rise in DM prevalence worldwide.

A diabetes condition that affects the eyes is called diabetic retinopathy. Damage to the blood vessels in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye is what causes it (retina).At first, diabetic retinopathy may not manifest any symptoms or may only result in minor vision issues. After then, it may result in blindness. Any person with type 1 or type 2 diabetes has the potential to acquire this illness.

 When a person has diabetes, they may develop diabetic nephropathy, a type of progressive kidney illness. It affects patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and risk rises with the severity of the condition and other risk factors such elevated vital signs and a history of renal disorders. Around 180,000 people are thought to be affected by renal failure brought on by diabetes complications, which accounts for more than 40% of instances of renal failure.

Due to a lack of physical activity and an unhealthy diet, diabetes incidence rates are extraordinarily high worldwide. According to the IMARC research, Type-2 diabetes is more common than Type-1 diabetes and makes up the majority of cases of diabetes that have been diagnosed. Females currently make up the majority of all diabetes patients, and urban areas have more diabetes patients than rural ones.

Patients with diabetes should keep an eye on their feet frequently to reduce the chance of an amputation. When blood flow diminishes in diabetics and wounds, even seemingly minor injuries like blisters on the feet can have major implications.

A gene, molecule, or innate characteristic that aids in diagnosing disease is known as a molecular biomarker. HbA1c is regarded as a biomarker for diabetes that can be used to detect retinopathy, vascular disease, and nephropathy risk factors. They serve as prophylactic actions while the condition is subclinical. A quicker and more thorough understanding of the pathological process of diabetes can be achieved with the right use of the biomarker in the development of anti-diabetic medications.



 

Diabetes causes a disease or damage to your kidneys called diabetic nephropathy, which in extreme cases can result in kidney failure. Our kidneys' minuscule blood channels filter waste items from our blood, which can be destroyed by high blood sugar levels. Weight gain and ankle edoema result from the body retaining too much salt and fluids. Later on, this results in renal disease or failure. Regular urine tests are required to check for kidney impairment because there are no symptoms in the early statergy.

Diabetes can affect all parts of the body, including the skin. This sometimes helps to recognize people with diabetes earlier. Most skin conditions can be easily treated. Other skin problems like necrobiosis lipoidica, diabetic dermopathy, diabeticorum, eruptive xanthomatosis and diabetic blisters are mostly likely to be affected in people with diabetes only.

EDCs are chemical concoctions that disrupt the body's hormonal processes. Some EDCs behave like "hormone mimics" and deceive our bodies into believing they are hormones, while other EDCs prevent natural hormones from performing their functions. By altering how hormones are produced, depleted, or stored in our bodies, other EDCs can either raise or reduce the amount of hormones in our blood. Some EDCs can also alter how responsive our bodies are to various hormones.

Diabetes type 1: This condition is typically caused on by an autoimmune reaction in which the body's defense  mechanism targets the cells that make insulin. This is due in large part to an huge amount primary cause. Insulin production is extremely low in people with type 1 diabetes under the age. This type of diabetes necessitates daily insulin injections to maintain blood glucose levels under control.

Biology's field of genetics may focus on the investigation of genes, genetic diversity, and inheritance in living things. Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian priest who lived in the 19th century, was the first to analyse genetics scientifically even though heredity had been observed for thousands of years. Gene regulation is the process of turning genes on and off. Cells start to depend on specialised functions during the early stages of development.

Obesity is a complicated illness that is linked to a multitude of comorbidities, increased mortality, and worse quality of life. The cost burden is expected to climb significantly as obesity rates among older adults rise: Endocrinology Facts and Figures estimates that from 2010 to 2030, medical expenses in the US alone for treating diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related disorders will rise by $48–66 billion year.

Blood vessels in the retina's tissue are harmed in diabetic retinopathy. One of the risk factors is poor blood sugar regulation. Blood vessels may enlarge, leak fluid, and aberrant blood vessel growth is seen on the retina's surface. Scar tissue that is present may shrink and separate from the retina.Early signs include blurring, floaters, black spots in the field of vision, and trouble seeing colours.

The thyroid is the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck's Adam's apple. It is a component of the endocrinology system, which is in charge of coordinating several bodily functions. The body's metabolism is regulated by the androgen prohormones that the thyroid glands create. The thyroid produces less hormone, which causes hypothyroidism, and more hormone, which causes hyperthyroidism. More women than men are affected by thyroid conditions. pregnancy-related infertility issues, miscarriages, menstrual issues, and births in women.

In order to lower the risk of diabetes complications, diabetic individuals must maintain a proper diet. The key is appropriate exercise and healthy eating practises. In general, a low-carb diet is necessary since whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts are macronutrients that raise blood sugar. Low-fat foods are the best source, and a diet high in fibre is favoured. The My Plate method, glycemic index, carb tracking, and TLC diet are a few techniques for a healthy diet.