Endocrinology & Diabetes

The  major objective of controlling diabetes and its consequences is to balance the carbohydrate metabolism. Those with insulin resistance are treated with appropriate exercise and food, while those with insulin shortage are treated with insulin pumps or injections.  The best method to live a good  healthy life is to maintain a nutritious diet..

Diabetic Retinopath, is also know as Diabetic Eye Disease (DED), It is a medical condition in which diabetes mellitus damages the retina. In developed countries, it is the major cause of blindness. Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80% of those with diabetes who have had it for more than 20 years. With careful treatment and ocular monitoring, at least 90% of future cases might be prevented. Diabetic retinopathy is more likely to develop in those who have had diabetes for a long time. Diabetic retinopathy accounts for 12% of all new occurrences of blindness in the United States each year. In persons aged 20 to 64, it is also the primary cause of blindness.

People with diabetes are more likely (6% of people) to develop cardiovascular issues such atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries and decreases blood flow to the heart. Angina pectoris is caused by a partial blockage of the coronary arteries, whereas stroke is caused by a total obstruction. Atherosclerosis also causes vascular disease, which results in inadequate blood flow to the legs, strokes, and total obstruction of blood flow to the brain.These are the main reasons for death for diabetics.

Blood vessels which is present  in the retina's tissue are harmed in Diabetic Retinopathy. Poor Blood sugar regulation is the sign of risk factor. Blood vessels may enlarge, leak fluid, and aberrant blood vessel growth is found on the retina's surface. Scar tissue that is present may shrink and separate from the retina.Early signs include blurring, floaters, black spots in the field of vision, and trouble seeing colours.

Diabetes causes a disease or damage to your kidneys called Diabetic Nephropathy, which in extreme cases can result in kidney failure. Our kidneys' minuscule blood channels filters the waste items from our blood, which can be destroyed by high blood sugar levels. Weight gain and ankle edoema result from the body retaining too much salt and fluids. Later on, this results in renal disease or failure. Regular urine tests are required to check for kidney impairment because there are no symptoms in the early statergy.

Identify your risk of Diabetes: Take the risk assessment to find out more about your type 2 diabetes risk. A score of 12 or higher indicates high risk and potential eligibility for the LIFE programme. You can lower your risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease by participating in this free Victorian lifestyle change programme.

Prediabetes can be diagnosed by the measuring of hemoglobin A1C, glucose tolerance, or fasting blood glucose.It is a component of metabolic syndrome and its characterized by elevated blood glucose levels below the threshold for diagnosing diabetes mellitus. It may increased the risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Many people can be diagnosed with regular screening tests.To main therapeutic approaches it include changes of lifestyle such as exercise and diet changes. Some medications can be used to reduce the risk associated with prediabetes. Although the rate of progression to type 2 diabetes is high, not all people with prediabetes develop type 2 diabetes. It can become a reversible condition with lifestyle changes

In order to get the low risk of Diabetes complications, Diabetic individuals must maintain a proper diet. Exercise and healthy eating practice is the key to develop a proper diet.  In general, a low-carb diet is necessary since whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts are macronutrients that raise blood sugar. Low-fat foods are the best source of diet control. The My Plate method, glycemic index, carb tracking, and TLC diet are a few techniques for a healthy diet..

Biology's field of genetics may focus on the investigation of genes, genetic diversity, and inheritance in living things. Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian priest who lived in the 19th century, was the first to analyse genetics scientifically even though heredity had been observed for thousands of years. Gene regulation is the process of turning genes on and off. Cells start to depend on specialised functions during the early stages of development.

The clinical spectrum of COVID19 is heterogeneous, ranging from mild influenza-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death. Elderly people, diabetes and other comorbidities have been reported as important predictors of morbidity and mortality. Chronic inflammation, increased coagulation activity, impaired immune response, and the potential for direct damage to the pancreas by SARSCoV2 may be one of the underlying mechanisms associated with diabetes and COVID19. There is no conclusive evidence to support the discontinuation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blocker, or thiazolidinedione by COVID 19 in diabetic patients. Hypoglycaemic events should be considered when using chloroquine in these individuals

Due to a lack of physical activity and an unhealthy diet, diabetes incidence rates are extraordinarily high worldwide. According to the IMARC research, Type-2 diabetes is more common than Type-1 diabetes and makes up the majority of cases of diabetes that have been diagnosed. Females currently make up the majority of all diabetes patients, and urban areas have more diabetes patients than rural ones.

Many popular herbs and spices are said to have qualities that reduce blood sugar, making them helpful for those who have type 2 diabetes or are at high risk of developing it. Many patients with diabetes are turning to these more "natural" substances to help manage their illness as a result of a number of scientific studies that suggest possible connections between herbal medicines and improved blood sugar control in recent years

Diabetes type 1: This condition is typically caused on by an autoimmune reaction in which the body's defense  mechanism targets the cells that make insulin. This is due in large part to an huge amount primary cause. Insulin production is extremely low in people with type 1 diabetes under the age. This type of diabetes needs daily insulin injections to maintain under control levels of blood glucose

Diabetes is a metabolic illness in which the body's capacity to release and retain energy from food is harmed. This occurs as a result of issues with insulin synthesis. When a person consumes carbohydrates, the body breaks them down into their most basic form, glucose. This glucose is subsequently absorbed into the bloodstream, where it can provides energy to all of the body's cells. The pancreas usually releases insulin when blood glucose levels are too high. This hormone instructs the liver to take glucose from the bloodstream and convert it to glycogen, which the body can store for later use.On the other hand, Insulin levels in Diabetics fall lower than they should. If left untreated, this results in excessive amounts of glucose in the blood, which can have catastrophic implications..

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the endocrine pancreas beta cells either stop making insulin or can no longer create enough of it to meet the body's needs.. If left untreated, cataracts, increased weakness in the legs (neuropathy), starvation, ketoacidosis, dehydration, and death might occur. Diabetes may affects middle-aged and older dogs, it can also affect puppies.  At the time of diagnosis, the typical canine diabetes patient is middle-aged, female, and overweight. In thirty years, the number of dogs diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has climbed thrice. Only 50% of patients survived the first 60 days following diagnosis and were successfully treated at home, according to survival rates from around the same time. Diabetic dogs who receive therapy now have the same lifetime as non-diabetic dogs of the same age and gender.

Gestational diabetes is a condition in which non-diabetic women develop hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is generally asymptomatic, but increases the risk of pre-eclampsia, depression, and the need for a caesarean section. Untreated gestational babies born from diabetic mothers and may cause increased risk of overweight, postpartum hypoglycemia, and jaundice. Stillbirth may occur if left untreated. In the long run, children become obese and are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes can occur during pregnancy due to decreased insulin production. Risk factors include obesity, a history of gestational diabetes, a family history of type 2 diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Diagnosis is by blood test. Screening is recommended for normal-risk individuals between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation. For high-risk individuals, testing can be done on the first visit before birth.

The use of stem cells is to treat or prevent a disease or  their condition is known as stem-cell therapy.. These cells are normally obtained from bone marrow transplantation, although they can also be obtained from the umbilical cord blood. The development of various sources for stem cells, as well as the use of stem-cell therapy for neurological illnesses and conditions including diabetes and heart disease, is currently under way. Following breakthroughs such as scientists' capacity to collect and culture embryonic stem cells, produce stem cells utilising somatic cell nuclear transfer, and apply procedures to create induced pluripotent stem cells, stem-cell therapy has become contentious

It's an autoimmune form of diabetes that's comparable to T1D, but patients with LADA often have insulin resistance, which is similar to T2D, and they share several risk factors for the illness. According to studies, LADA patients develop antibodies against insulin-producing cells, and these cells quit releasing insulin at a slower rate than T1D patients. T1D and T2D appear to have genetic risk factors in common, although LADA is genetically separate from both. There is genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity within the LADA patient population, with variable degrees of insulin resistance and autoimmunity. LADA can thus be regarded as a hybrid type of T1D and T2D, with clinical and genotypic parallels to both, as well as variance within LADA in terms of autoimmunity and insulin resistance, based on current information.

The thyroid is the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck's Adam's apple. It is a component of the endocrinology system, which is in charge of coordinating several bodily functions. The body's metabolism is regulated by the androgen prohormones that the thyroid glands create. The thyroid produces less hormone, which causes hypothyroidism, and more hormone.