Endocrinology & Diabetes

Bone and Mineral Metabolism

Bone and mineral metabolism is a critical aspect of overall health, involving the balance of calcium, phosphate, and bone-forming cells. Key hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (active vitamin D), and calcitonin regulate this balance by influencing bone resorption, formation, and mineral absorption. PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption. Calcitriol enhances calcium and phosphate absorption from the gut, supporting bone mineralization. Disorders like osteoporosis result from imbalances in this system, leading to decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. Conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency also impact bone health. Effective management involves addressing underlying hormonal imbalances, ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and promoting bone-strengthening activities. Regular monitoring and tailored treatments are essential for maintaining optimal bone and mineral health.